Informal caregivers—family and friends supporting loved ones with chronic illnesses or disabilities—play a critical role in our healthcare ecosystem. Yet, their contributions often go unnoticed, and they face challenges like stress, burnout, and a lack of resources. Our recent research, published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR), reviews the literature and explores how IT applications can alleviate these burdens and empower caregivers. This study was led by Shweta Premanandan with Awais Ahmad, and Åsa Cajander from the HTO group among others. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review to outline design recommendations for IT applications gathered from informal caregivers. In addition, this study presents evaluations of the use of IT applications by informal caregivers.

The methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) for scoping reviews was followed for this review. A structured search was conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Web of Science, and ACM Digital Library databases. In addition, reference list hand searches and keyword searches in Google Scholar were undertaken. Two reviewers independently identified articles for review and extracted the data. Conflicts were resolved through discussion, with a third reviewer consulted if consensus could not be attained. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

With an aging population and stretched healthcare resources, informal caregivers are increasingly shouldering the responsibility of care. While rewarding, caregiving often leads to significant emotional and physical strain. IT applications offer a promising solution, acting as virtual assistants and support networks. However, these tools must be thoughtfully designed to address the unique and diverse needs of caregivers. A total of 82 articles were selected for the scoping review—44 (54%) related to design and 39 (48%) related to evaluation of IT applications.

What to include in these Caregiver Support Applications?

Easy Access to Information
Caregivers need quick, clear, and tailored advice. Good apps provide step-by-step guides, helpful tips, and even myth-busting facts to clear up common misconceptions.

Support Networks
Caring can feel lonely. Apps that connect caregivers to support groups or online communities help people share experiences, advice, and even a laugh.

Streamlining Tasks
Managing medications, tracking health updates, or coordinating with family members can get overwhelming. Apps that organize all this in one place save time and stress.

Caring for the Caregiver
Caregivers often forget to care for themselves. Some apps include features like relaxation exercises, gratitude journals, or tips on staying healthy.

Better Communication with Healthcare Professionals
Many caregivers need information or quick access to a healthcare professional or to share updates with doctors or navigate healthcare systems. Apps that simplify this communication help everyone stay on the same page.

Simple Tools for Daily Tasks
Reminders, user-friendly interfaces, and voice commands can make apps easier for caregivers to use, even if they’re not tech-savvy.

What caregivers think about these tools?

Most caregivers like the idea of using apps to help them. They appreciate:

  • Quick Access to Information: Being able to find answers right away.
  • Social Connections: Knowing they’re not alone.
  • Flexibility: Using the app when it fits their schedule.

But there are challenges, too. Some caregivers worry about:

  • Privacy: Will their data be safe?
  • Trust: Is the app’s information reliable?
  • Ease of Use: Older caregivers may struggle with complex apps.

Looking Ahead

As technology continues to evolve, so do the opportunities to create more impactful tools for caregivers. Our findings act as a starting point for designers to design IT applications for caregivers that not only ease caregiving tasks but also foster a supportive ecosystem for caregivers.

Let’s continue the conversation. What features would you like to see in future caregiving applications? Or any other comments. Share your thoughts with us!